Movement+JL+AK

= =  **BACK**  ♦   =Southeast Asia and the South Pacific in General =  Asia has 60 percent of the world's population. Southeast Asia's 560 million people are equivalent to the population of Latin America. When moving, usually there are many different factors and reasons why a person would move or migrate. Of course, most people leave a place in order to find better opportunities for themselves and to improve their life quality. However, there are also a great number of refugees who seek out new countries to live in also. Due to all of these migrations, some countries have a very large work force. For example, the richest country in Southeast Asia is Singapore, which has the highest share of migrants having a third of their workers as foreigners. Another country that has a strong labour work force made of foreigners is Malaysia. Malaysia has two million migrants in a labour force of 10 million, with Indonesians dominating among construction and plantation workers. The government can't really control illegal migration and employment well within Malaysia, so they have periodic sweeps that sends tens of thousands of Indonesians home. Finally, Thailand is Southeast Asia's third largest migrant destination, with about two million foreign workers. Thailand has also attempted to develop a longer-term policy for managing migrants, but this system is faulty. Employers can hire legal migrants if they pay registration fees equivalent to a month's salary, but since enforcement of this is so weak, employers and migrants just decide to avoid this system, allowing more illegal immigrants to work. Overall, the biggest factor of migration seems to be work in Southeast Asia.

=Australia =  Australia is another popular destination for migrants in the South Pacific. Since early 1945, there were 7 million people that came to Australia as new settlers. However, over a period of just 64 years, nearly 6.8 million migrants arrive, and the population of Australia rose from 7 million to over 21.5 million. Surprisingly, more than 700,000 people arrived under humanitarian programs and acted as refugees. According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, "About one million migrants arrived in each of the six decades following 1950." Right now, nearly one in four of Australia's people were born overseas.

 So, why Australia? There are many factors that make Australia an ideal place for immigrants. These qualities are: a strong economy, good quality of life, stable government, telecommunications and information systems and infrastructure, and a highly skilled workforce. First of all, the economy. The unemployment rate is currently only 5%, according to statistics in May 2009. Compared to the 22% in South Africa, 9% in France and China, and the 8% in the US and Canada, this is great news for migrants. Australia's economy is also so stable that it was selected as the number one place to live on the 2008 Country Brand Index. This helps most migrants feel secure about moving to Australia. Surprisingly though, not only the economy is ranked number one but the quality of life was ranked number one in Melbourne city. The Economist Intelligence Unit ranked Melbourne as the number one most liveable city in the world. This is also good news to migrants and even refugees who are trying to escape to a better living place. Next is government stability. According to "Why Australia", "The Australian political environment is ranked as one of the most stable in the world, ranked behind Finland and Luxemburg, and first in the region." So far, Australia has continuously been ranked as one of the best regions for economy, quality of life, and a stable government. Just these three factors are more than enough to reassure most migrants on where to move to. Not only is the political environment stable though, but Australia's competition laws are also ranked as second best in the world. This is a perfect example of a nice and stable political environment. Now, the fourth factor: telecommunications and information systems and infrastructure. "Australia's telecommunications and IT market has become one of the biggest in Asia and tenth largest in the world." ("Why Australia") This creates a great economy, as the market is doing well and booming in Australia. Finally, the last factor is a highly skilled workforce. Australia is again ranked in the top ten countries in the world for availability of skilled labour, IT professionals, finance skills, and qualified engineers. This creates many job opportunities for migrants who are seeking work in foreign countries. Just these five factors should be enough to bring in a constant flow of migrants.

Now that we've talked about the pull factors, what are the pull factors? In other words, what caused the migrants to leave their original home? Most people leave their homes looking for opportunities to enhance their quality of life. If their homeland has economic problems or bad living conditions, people will want to leave in order to look for anything better. This explains most of the push factors for refugees who are possibly seeking areas where wars aren't being fought, to escape to a better place. However, most migrants seem to be moving due to work. Cheap labour has become popular, since the workers work for less money. This is good for companies, but not good for the original inhabitants of the nation. Most people leave for countries that have a lot of job opportunities, such as Australia. If they can secure a steady job, then they can definitely improve their quality of life, and secure their own economic struggles. Therefore, although all factors listed above are important, the most important push factor seems to be work.

=Statistics of Australia = 

Settler arrival figures
Source: overseas arrivals and departures 
 * ~ <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"> ||~ <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Settler Arrival Numbers ||~ <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Net Permanent migration ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">1998-1999 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">84 100 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">49 000 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">1999-2000 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">92 300 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">51 200 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">2000-2001 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">107 400 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">60 800 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">2001-2002 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">88 900 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">40 700 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">2002-2003 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">93 900 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">43 500 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">2003-2004 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">111 600 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">52 500 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">2004-2005 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">123 400 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">60 800 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">2005-2006 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">131 600 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">63 700 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">2006-2007 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">140 100 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">68 000 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">2007-2008 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">149 400 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">72 400 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">2008-2009 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">158 021 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">77 000 ||

**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Settler arrivals by region of birth between July 2008 and June 2009 **

 * ~ <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"> ||~ <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Arrivals ||~ <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">% Variation ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Oceania and Antarctica || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">30 010 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">-5.3% ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Europe || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">29 294 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">-4.6% ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">North Africa and the Middle East || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">11 143 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">34.3% ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">South East Asia || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">21 008 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">-0.9% ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">North East Asia || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">20 977 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">16.5% ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Southern Asia || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">25 900 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">17.2% ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Central Asia || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">1 731 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">-3.8% ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Northern America || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">2 254 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">2.5% ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">South and Central America & the Caribbean || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">1 979 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">-5.8% ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Sub-Saharan Africa || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">13 025 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">22.9% ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Supplementary Country Codes || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">671 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">11.8% ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Not Stated/Not Elsewhere Included || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">29 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">-71.0% ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Grand Total **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"> || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">158 021 **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"> || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">5.8% **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"> ||

**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">July 2008 to June 2009 settler arrivals, by country of birth **

 * ~ <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"> ||~ <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Arrivals ||~ <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">% Variation ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">New Zealand || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">33 034 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">19.7% ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">United Kingdom || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">21 567 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">-7.0% ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">India || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">16 909 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">10.3% ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">China (excludes SARs and Taiwan) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">14 935 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">14.9% ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Philippines || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">5 619 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">2.9% ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Iraq || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">4 008 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">79.9% ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Sri Lanka || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">3 918 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">11.3% ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Malaysia || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">3 261 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">11.9% ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Burma (Myanmar) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">2 931 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">17.1% ||

**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">By way of comparison: Settler arrivals by region of birth for 1998-99 **
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">
 * ~ <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"> ||~ <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Arrivals ||~ <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">% of Total ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Oceania || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">22 501 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">26.74% ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Europe || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">18 710 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">22.24% ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The Former USSR and the Baltic States || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">898 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">1.07% ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The Middle East and Nth Africa || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">5 195 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">6.17% ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">South East Asia || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">10 934 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">12.99% ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">North East Asia || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">10 869 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">12.92% ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Southern Asia || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">5 316 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">6.32% ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Northern America || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">1 624 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">1.93% ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">South America, Central America & the Carribean || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">773 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">0.92% ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Africa excl Nth Africa || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">7 246 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">8.61% ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Supplementary – Country Codes || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">77 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">0.09% ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Grand Total **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"> || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">84 143 **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"> || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"> ||

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"> Works Cited: "Australian Immigration Fact Sheet 2. Key Facts in Immigration." //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Department of Immigration & Citizenship //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Nov. 2009. <http://www.immi.gov.au/media/fact-sheets/02key.htm#e>. "Immigration to Australia | Why Australia | Australia, World, Ranked, Quality, Most." //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Immigration to Australia | Australian VIsa, Visa To Australia, Migrate To Australia | Advice, Assessment, Visa, Written, Online //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Nov. 2009. <http://www.myaustralianvisa.com/General/Australia/Why-Australia-2.php>. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">Martin, Philip. "Managing Labor Migration in Southeast Asia." <span style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">//<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Managing Labor Migration in Southeast Asia // <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Nov. 2009. <www.ilo.org/public/english/region/asro/bangkok/download/yr2006/martin_migration.pdf>.

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