Movement+(South+Asia+PDD)

** MIGRATION TO AND FROM COUNTRIES IN SOUTH ASIA **
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**Introduction **
Migration as been shown to be one of the most predominant ideas and actions that are found everywhere in the world today. Everyday, thousands of people cross borders into other countries, carrying along with them ideas that they may well introduce in the new areas shown. Many factors, noticeable called as the push and pull factors force people to migrate to a certain area of location. After their movement, the consequences may be beneficial or disastrous in forcing them to choose between living there, or going through the process of migration again. Out of the many regions in the world, South Asia, home to billions of people has migrations moving out of the countries and regions, and also people from the other regions migrating into the region. 

To introduce the idea of migration in South Asia, the internal region movements would be the most specific to this topic. Unlike many parts of the world, some areas in South Asia are very different in terms of migration laws. Even though crossing borders between countries would be noticed as international migration in so far as the mobility of the people, however, the border crossing of people to the neighboring countries could also be noticed as internal migration when the law doesn't require passports or visas. Some examples would be between Bhutan and Nepal, India and Nepal, and also India and Bhutan. For these countries, especially of Nepal and India, not a lot of information could be gathered because crossing borders have largely gone unrecorded and were seldom studied. Apart from these countries, there are many cases of illegal migration in South Asia for example, in the countries from Bangladesh to India.

Huge numbers of people in the South Asian region such as Bangledesh and Nepal are immigrating to India. It was estimated that around 6.2 million South Asians were migrating inter-regionally into India in this decade. It may have been because of the law, where there is no requirement of a college degree to submit their contracts to the Proctor of Emigrants for approval before to accept working abroad. The easy ways of moving from one country to another led to many of the more undeveloped countries to migrate into India, the center of South Asia.

The migration of South Asian countries into India is because of the many push and pull factors. Looking closely at Bangladesh as the key example for many of the countries in South Asia, the country was found to have millions of citizens moving to West Bengal, a state in India, by the **economic push factors are instability and economic depression, poverty, lack of employment, opportunity, struggle for livelihood, forced grabbing of landed property from the "richer" or landed groups, and because of the lack of industrialization**. About 56% of the people who took a survey about migration said that there was a **lack of industrialization, employment, and security had been the probable cause of the migration into West Bengal**. The population explosion in Bangladesh was found to be the most important cause of illegal migration from Bangladesh to West Bengal. The competition in their home countries, and the availability of jobs in India was probably a highly expected reason for the other countries in South Asia. Social insecurity, as stated before was one of the main push factors for moving into India. The educational curricula in Bangladesh and many other South Asian countries were framed according to Islamic preaching. **Political instability, fear of riots and terrorism in their home countries, inhumane attitude and activities of their political leaders, and the absence of democratic rights, Muslim domination, were the major issues that were the political push factors to move into West Bengal.** During 1971, where there was an independence war, a massive number of people from Bangladesh migrated into India in hopes of securities of Hindu families.The major **pull factors for migrating to India were found as the numerous cases of job opportunities and also economic security compared to their countries.** The proximity of the many countries, especially of Bangladesh and India supported some similarities to the movement of populations; cultural similarities, same food habits, similar climates, and the belief of getting shelter.



**Movements to the East**
While many people from South Asia had moved to the center of the region, India, for the main reason of economic stability, those who live in India and the more developed countries in South Asia want to migrate from their hometowns eastward. The extreme pace of industrialization in the areas of Asia such as Japan and China have led to more and more people crossing borders. Even though many people try to follow their past families and the **earlier migrants by moving west into the oil-rich countries in the Middle East for economic jobs such as service and maintenance, house construction, store-keeping, and guarding and security**, near the beginning of 1990s, they found better-paying jobs in the eastern nations. The wages in the eastern nations, such as South Korea, Hong Kong, Malaysia, and Singapore were discovered to be much higher than those in the Middle-east which had helped them gain attraction to these new areas. Some of the jobs that South Asian people were focused in were the plantations of Malaysia, or as domestic workers in Singapore, and also in the construction industry in South Korea. Much of the Sri Lanka women would move to Singapore and Hong Kong for the jobs of being a maid, child caring, and house cleaning. For areas such as India like many of the other South Asian countries, the **push factors were found to be from the growth of population, which would have led to a much more competitive state in living standards, and also because of the lack in health care issues. Some of the other reasons for migrating to the East would have been to just learn more about different types of cultures in the world, and also for the pure experience of living in a different country apart from very similar South Asian countries.** Top of Page

**Movements to the West**
The idea of Asia as the dominant source of highly skilled immigra

[[image:http://www.treehugger.com/us-money-photo.jpg width="280" height="210" align="right" caption="United States Money"]]
nts can be shown in the areas of North America, Europe, and Australia. South Asia in particular is probably one of the greatest regions in the world have people who are highly trained and educated workers. **Many South Asians, particularly from the areas of India hope to take a risk by trying to obtain jobs which give a much higher pay with less competition than in India.** In the United States, the average household income in 2007 was around $50,000. Unlike the United States, the annual average income in India was only 34,000 rupees or only $730. The differences in the wages made many parts of South Asia, where most of the countries are much lower than India's, try to move into the United States or the Western nations to relieve themselves from the poverty situations and to be at a much higher economical standard than the average home country citizens.

Most of these areas of problems in the country of Pakistan also exist in all the other areas of South Asia, because of their influence and relative proximity to each other. The problems of poverty grows with thousands being forced into desperation each year, and the populations growing daily. Many South Asian countries like Pakistan and India have these similarities to having the "dream" of moving out of their respective nations and taking dangerous steps in hopes of living peacefully by trying to migrate to the Western nations of the world.
 * This is the same case for Pakistani[[image:http://www.pakistantalk.com/images/terror-in-pakistan.jpg align="left" caption="Terrorism in Pakistan"]]s, where people want to get away from the unwanted population growth, political tensions, and economical disasters.** The pressure rises in the employment markets in the major cities due to the immigration of Afghan refugees, which had made it hard for the Pakistanis to have secure jobs. Along with the population growth, at the moment being seventh in the world, and believed to grow to third by 2050, the local citizens are forced to compete with refugees coming from all over Asia. They cannot compete with Afghan regugees, who are more vibrant, with far less inhibitions to adopt the menial occupations. As the living conditions get worse and worse, with many political problems, from the military dictatorship starting from October 12, 1999 and social problems related to poverty of around 34% of the population, people try to move to the Western nations in hopes of getting higher wages and security.



Most of the information above were consisted with the push factors of many Indians and their movements in and outside the country. From all the push factors from South Asia, from poverty and the hardships in economy, many people may ask, "Why would any want to live here from the 'better' world of the western and eastern nations?" Outside from the economical issues that many of the South Asian countries are facing, **many students from the west have shown interests to migrating into South Asian countries for one of the key interests of study the cultures.** Apart from Japan, China, Thailand, and South Korea, United States students had chosen India as the fifth most attractive destination in Asia. From the rich environments filled with culture, many western students tried to study there. There has been numerous amounts of programs in the universities in the United States that give American students a channel into India. The wide number of subjects from the study of religion and culture to law and engineering has been shown to have occurred. Many researchers have found India a very "rich" region to study in, where it contains many artifacts, food, and a variety of unique culture.


 * Also, in the country of Maldives, which is a series of islands off the coast of India, many people are "pulled" into the country for it's beautiful scenery and the pleasing climates for humans.** Since the country has a net migration of -12.58, which means that around thirteen more people out of a thousand move into the country instead of moving out. It is also commonly known as one of the most beautiful groups of islands, which gain thousands of tourists each year. Most of the people who have lived in the Maldives their entire lives never migrate to other countries because they are satisfied with the conditions that they have. The very few people who migrate to other countries would most likely be those who are in search of a newer and a more "developed" life of riches and in the area of a lot of people. **Overall, the pull factors of South Asia could be told as the rich tourist attractions and culture ranging in many categories such as food, movies, clothing, and holidays**.

**Id****eas and Technologies**
Apart from the movements of humans from South Asia to another, ideas and technologies have also migrated. From the migration of the millions of people over the years from India, the forms of democracy, and several of the traditions have changed in the South Asian nations and also the other parts of the world. In the regions of India, many companies from all parts of the world, noticeably the chain restaurants and the enormous product industries such as KFC, McDonald's, Coke, Motorola, and many others have branches in South Asia that are widely popular and noticed in the economic industry.The technologies of cellphone companies and many appliances have found their way to South Asia nations, mainly focusing on India. South Asia has grown tremendously in the dependency of other country's ideas and goods, and from the resources and trade that are available for them, many people believe that they will become the number one economical country in several years.

**Conclusion**
Overall, South Asia has thousands of people who move from one region to another every day. Most noticeable country would be India, where there's the most cases of migration in and out of the country in the region of South Asia. There are many cases of migration related to South Asia, where many South Asians would choose between other South Asian countries, East Asia, and the "Western World," most noticeably the United States. While many people from South Asia migrate to other countries in all directions, many people from other parts of the world come to South Asia by the pull factors. The sum up all the points, the push factors of South Asian people are political problems related to the security of the people, the few amount of economic benefits, the damages caused by the few laws helping the minorities, and also from the ideas of avoiding war. The pull factors to the South Asia region would be student studies related to culture, environments, and history.

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